Origins: Benjamin Franklin and the Union Fire Company

Celebrated for his intellect, diplomacy, and contributions toward the founding of the United States, Benjamin Franklin is an American figure. Franklin is also lauded as the “Father of Our Fire Service”, an aspect of his legacy that many Americans may not be familiar with. Benjamin Franklin played an integral role in the development of the first organized volunteer fire department, the Union Fire Company in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1736.

On the brink of the Industrial Revolution, growing cities like Philadelphia were plagued with disastrous fires on a frequent basis. Often relying on rudimentary methods and little to no system, handling fires in the United States was far from an organized profession. Benjamin Franklin saw the need for a more orderly approach to this common problem and established the Union Fire Company, also known as the Bucket Brigade. Inspired by Boston’s Mutual Fire Societies, Franklin aimed to target this common threat to communities with a company that signified unity and collective action.

Revolutionary for the time, the Union Fire Co. was among the first to use pumpers to put out fires. These early fire engines were a significant improvement to the basic techniques available to citizens. Franklin’s implementation of this volunteer fire company wasn’t just about tackling fires, but also about building a sense of community responsibility. Volunteers from all walks of life, from bakers to blacksmiths, joined the Union Fire Company, representing shared commitment to the safety of the community.

Fire prevention developed just as much as firefighting under Franklin’s guidance. He encouraged the development of fire safety laws and regulations, recognizing the key to reducing fires was not only a quick response but also the prevention of accidents. Fire safety, from the proper use of chimneys to the dangers of unattended candles, was crucial to educating the public on ways to protect themselves and their property. This safety and prevention education eventually led to Franklin's established of the first fire insurance company in 1752, the Philadelphia Contributionship, which still operates today.

Today, the principles of community involvement, volunteerism, and public safety that Franklin championed in the 18th century remain foundational to how we respond to fires and other emergencies. As firefighters continue to serve their communities, it’s important to remember that the union of neighbors to combat fire—a tradition started by Franklin—continues to inspire and guide fire service professionals across the country.